Unit 8: Fascism and Nazism: Weimar Republic

The Beer Hall Putsch, also known as the Munich Putsch, was a failed coup attempt by the Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler — along with General quarter master Erich Ludendorff and other Kampfbund leaders — to seize power in Munich, Bavaria, during 8–9 November 1923. About two thousand men marched to the centre of Munich where they confronted the police, which resulted in the death of 16 Nazis and four policemen.

After two days, Hitler was arrested and was charged with treason. From Hitler's perspective, there were three positive benefits from this attempt to seize power unlawfully. First, the putsch brought Hitler to the attention of the nation. His arrest was followed by a 24-day trial, which gave him a platform to publicize his nationalist sentiment to the nation. Hitler was found guilty of treason and he was sentenced to five years. The second benefit to Hitler resulted in the production of his book Mein Kampf, which was dictated to his fellow prisoner, Rudolf Hess. Hitler was released on 20 December 1924, having served only nine months. The final benefit that accrued to Hitler was the insight that the path to power was through legitimate means. Revolution and anarchy was not the answer to the pursuit of power. Accordingly, the most significant outcome of the putsch was a decision by Hitler to change NSDAP tactics, which would demand an increasing reliance on the development and furthering of Nazi propaganda.

From Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer_Hall_Putsch

"In hyperinflation, a kilo of potatoes was worth, to some, more than the family silver; a side of pork more than the grand piano. A prostitute in the family was better than an infant corpse; theft was preferable to starvation; warmth was finer than honour, clothing more essential than democracy, food more needed than freedom."

From the book of Adam Ferguson: “When Money dies”
http://www.claseshistoria.com/entreguerras/periodocrisisalemania.htm

1.       Read the text about the Putsch of Munich and answer:

a.       Translate the underlined words.

b.      Who were the leaders of the coup d’Etat?

c.       The Spartacist Uprising was a communist rebellion. What was the political ideology during the Putsch?

d.      The main leaders were imprisoned. Which three benefits did this situation provide Hitler with? (Summarize them in three sentences. Do not copy. Use your words)

2.       Read the Adam Ferguson's text and try to explain it.

3.       Why did the German economy change since 1924?

4.       Why did the Crash of New York affect Germany so much?

Las Tesis de Abril

Extracto de las Tesis de Abril.

2ª La particularidad de la actual situación rusa es el tránsito de la primera etapa de la Revolución, que ha dado el poder a la burguesía (...) a la segunda etapa, que tiene que poner el poder en manos del proletariado y el campesinado.

5ª No a la República parlamentaria, sino a la República de los Soviets de diputados de obreros, braceros y campesinos (...) 

6ª (...)Confiscación de todas las tierras de los latifundios. Nacionalización de todas las tierras, que quedarán a disposición de los soviets locales de diputados braceros y campesinos.

7ª Fusión inmediata de todos los bancos del país en un Banco Nacional único sometido al control de los soviets de diputados obreros.

8ª (...) Control de la producción social y de la distribución de los productos por los Soviets de diputados de obreros.

ACTIVIDAD:

Comenta el texto, atendiendo a la siguiente estructura:

1. Clasificación (recuerda especificar el tipo de FUENTE, NATURALEZA y FORMATO del texto). Fecha y Autor.
2. Análisis: determinar las partes del texto. Se puede resumir brevemente su contenido.
3. Vocabulario. Selección de palabras claves y su definición.
4. Cometario

The Zimmerman's Telegram.

The decoded telegram is as follows:

"We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep The United States of America neutral. In the event it not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you. You will inform the President of the above most secretly as soon as the outbreak of war with the United States of America is certain and add the sugestion that he should, on his own initiative, invite Japan to immediate adherence and at the same time mediate between Japan and ourselves. Please call the President's attention to the fact that the ruthless employment of our submarines now offers the prospect of compelling England in a few months to make peace". Signed ZIMMERMAN.

Telegram sent by Arthur Zimmerman, State Secretary for foreign affairs of Germany to the German Ambassador in Mexico, on January 11, 1917. The telegram was decoded by Great Britain and provoked the entry of the United States in the First World War.

Reinado de Isabel II

EJE CRONOLÓGICO DE ISABEL II

Unit 4: Spain in 19th century

3. The reign of Ferdinand VII: The resistance to the change.
Click on the image

Fernando VII.

Francisco de Goya, 1814. Museo del Prado

4. Isabella II: the construction of a liberal State:
Click on the image

Detalle del retrato de Isabel II

de Franz Xavier Winterhalter (Palacio Real).

The People's Charter

The People's Charter

UNIT THREE: The Industrial Revolution (transports)

3. The Transport Revolution:

Click here to open the worksheet

            SOURCE 1. CANALS

One of the biggest problems of the early Industrial Revolution was how to transport huge quantities of goods. Water had been one route before, through rivers and coasts. There were many navigable rivers in Britain, but they did not go where industry needed them to. In 1761, the first modern canal in Britain was built: the Bridgewater Canal to deliver coal from mines in Worsley to industrial Manchester. It was extended later to Liverpool to carry cotton. Later on, hundreds of miles of canals were built to link major rivers and major cities.
Although coal could be transported easily and was cheap, it was very slow.

Canals were expensive and difficult to build. Building canals in agricultural areas was problematic.

SOURCE 2: RAILWAY

A. The building of the railways had a big impact on Britain.

It created jobs, made goods cheaper, spread information faster (post and news) and changed the landscape in the countryside. In Britain in the 19th century:

People were able to travel greater distances for leisure and for work. For example, the railways made cheap day trips possible and coastal areas developed and provided work and created more jobs.

Canals and stage-coach companies could not compete with the speed of the railways. Townspeople were able to receive fresh meat, fish, milk and vegetables brought in by the railway. 

Industry grew as the railways needed coal and iron. Railways, in turn, allowed factories to transport their goods to market more quickly.

Newspapers could be sent from London all over the country and the post became faster.

B. The railways created jobs in the railway industry. They also created jobs in the coal and iron industries.
They also helped to reduce the cost of transporting or moving goods from one place to another. This in turn meant that the people who made these goods could sell them cheaper.
Once these goods became cheaper, more people could buy them so the people who made them had to make more of them, which created even more jobs.
The railways did not just change the way goods were transported. They changed the way people travelled about the country. Instead of travelling on mail coaches people started to travel by train, which was not only cheaper but also faster.

Information from Alberto de los Ríos Sánchez

Secuencias Didácticas AICLE:

The Industrial Revolution in Britain.